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The pan-genome represents the entire set of genes within a species, consisting of a core genome containing sequences shared between all individuals of the species and the dispensable genome.

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A pangenome as a “core genome containing genes present in all strains and a dispensable genome composed of genes absent from one or more strains and genes that are unique to each strain”.

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Restricting the pan-genome to gene content makes less sense in eukaryotes, particularly those with large genomes (>500 Mb), where more than 50% of the genome may be intergenic.

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Pangenome: Full set of genomic elements in a given species or clade

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The pan-genome represents the entire set of genes within a species, consisting of a core genome containing sequences shared between all individuals of the species and the dispensable genome.

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The concept of a pan-genome was first described by Tettelin et al in 2005, in the context of bacteria.

www.BeGenomics.com

A pangenome as a “core genome containing genes present in all strains and a dispensable genome composed of genes absent from one or more strains and genes that are unique to each strain”.

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A pan-genome contains two types of genes, core genes shared by all individuals and distributed genes shared by some but not all individuals.

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The first pan-genomes were developed for small, easy-to-sequence bacteria, but, even in that context, pan-genomes provided novel scientific insights.

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Restricting the pan-genome to gene content makes less sense in eukaryotes, particularly those with large genomes (>500 Mb), where more than 50% of the genome may be intergenic.

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Pan-genome studies that consider protein-coding genes can use protein sequence conservation in addition to DNA sequence to determine whether genes are homologous.

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Pangenomes are frequently formulated as sequence graphs -mathematical graphs that represent the homology relationships between multiple sequences.

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Pangenomic study might improve the completeness of human reference genome and promote precision medicine.

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